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Illustration from "Life and travels of Mungo Park" - Mungo Park, Edinburgh, W. P. Nimmo, 1872. [bibliography]
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Dates
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Expeditions, scoutings or military explorations
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Testimonies
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V° century B.C.
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 First attempt of Africa's circumnavigatio by
Hanno the Navigator, Carthaginian suffet.
Foundations of Carthaginian colonies (Kerne on Rio-de-Oro area - Casamance today) ; near Sierra Leone
and Cherbo island, the expedition has to go back because of lack of resources.
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Periplus of
Hanno (translated in a Greek text near 465 from a Punic inscription)
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II° B.C.
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Presumed expedition near African West Coast by Eudoxe de Cyzique (contested by Strabon).
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Strabo, Geography
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1154-1161
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Abu Obeid Al Bakri visits Gao, Ghana, kingdoms of Do and Malel, and Tadmekka (Es Souk) ;
Al Zuhri enters in Mema, first capital of Mali.
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Abu Obeid Al Bakri, Kitab
al-Masalik wa-al-Mamalik,
(The Book of Routes and Kingdoms) - 1068
Al Zuhri
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End of XII°-XIV°
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Many Arab travellers in Mali ;
Ibn Battuta lives at Souleymane Keita's court (1352-1353) ; he visits Timbuktu, Gao and writes a relation of
his travel : Gift offered to observers : wonders seen in the countries and travels (1357)
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Abu al Fida, Takuyn al Sûdan (Geography of Black Men
countries) - 1321
Catalan Atlas called Atlas of Charles V (1339-1370) - Abraham Cresques
Al Ûmari,
Routes and glances on Worldwide Kingdoms (1342-1349)
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1410-1500
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Anselme d'Isalguier, a nobleman from Toulouse (France) established himself in Gao and married there a
Songhoï princess.
1445 : Expedition of
João Fernandez starting from Rio-de-Oro : Sahara exploration during 7 months ; the same year, Luiggi said Alvisse Ca Da Mosto and Genoese captain Uso di Mare, Italian seamen working for the Portuguese king, (Henry the Navigator) discover «Cabo Verde» islands and explore Senegal and Gambia rivers areas.
1446 : (Denis) Dinis Diaz reaches Senegal river mouth : foundation of first Portuguese trading agencies.
1448 : Exploration of African West Coast towards Gambia river by Lançarote (Lancerot).
1460 : Diego Gomez discover Sierra Leone mountain.
1462 : Pedro de Cintra explores « Cabo de las Palmas » coastline (Liberia today).
1470 : Benedetto Dei, merchant from Florence (Italy) goes to Timbuktu.
1486 : Juan Alfonso d'Avaro discovers Benin kingdom.
1487 : Expedition of Pero d'Evora and Gonsalvez Eannes to Tombouctou starting from Senegal.
1486-1488 : Double circumnavigatio of Africa by Bartholoméu Diaz (starting from West) and Pierre de Covilham (starting from Red Sea coastline) ; « Cape of Storms » is discovered and baptized « Cape of Good Hope » by the
Portuguese king.
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Valentin Fernandez, Description of African Coast from Ceuta to Senegal
(1507)
Alvisse Ca Da Mosto, Portuguese explorer, Navigatio ad terras ignotas or Relation of Travels on African West Coast
(1507-1508)
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1510-1600
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Al Hassan Ibn Muhammad Al Wazzan Az Zayyati alias « Jean Leo Africanus » in Sudan.
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Mahmud Kaati, Tarîk el- Fettash (1520-1591)
Leo Africanus, Description of Africa and notable things which are there
(1526)
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1610-1714
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1694 : Andre Brue, administrator of the Royal Senegalese Company ; at Kaïnoura, he builds the stronghold of
Saint-Pierre on the borders of Faleme river (1714).
Michel Jajolet, Sieur de La Courbe, governor at Saint Louis for the Senegalese Company.
1659 : Stronghold of Saint-Louis by L. Caullier.
1673 : Senegalese Company by Colbert. Senegal is sold to that Company.
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The First Journey of Sieur de La Courbe made in Africa Coast (1685)
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1714-1795
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1719 : Compagnon, mineralogist researcher, explores Bambouk area.
Tinstall de la Tour is scouting in Khasso.
Estoupan de la Brue, Duliron (1747), Aussenac and Doit (1756) exploring Bambouk.
1779 : Saint-Louis is stormed again to the English by duc de Lauzun. Dumontet, first governor of the
colony.
1785-1788: Knight de Boufflers, governor of Senegal.
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Letters of countess de Sabran and knight de Boufflers (1778-1788)
Bosman G., «A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea» (1721)
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1795-1806
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First expedition of Scottish doctor Mungo Park ; he explores Khasso, Kaarta, Sansanding
and reaches Bamako (1795-1797)
1805- 1806 : Second expedition of Mungo Park ; when he attempted to go down the Niger river, he died drowned
in the rapids of Boussa.
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Mungo Park, Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa- 1795-1796 (1800)
[bibliography] |
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1818-1825
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1818 : Gaspard Mollien, clerk of the French navy, explores Galam and Bambouk.
1820 : Leblanc, frigate captain, goes upstream of Faleme river.
1825 : Clapperton, English explorer, from Tripoli, reaches the Niger river.
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Adam R., New journey in the Interior Africa during 1810-1814 (1846)
Gray William, Voyage dans l'Afrique occidentale : pendant les années 1818, 1819, 1820 et 1821, depuis la rivière Gambie jusqu'au Niger.
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1825-1842
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Rene Caille in Timbuktu in April 1828.
Duranton, in mission with Grout de Beaufort and Montesquieu then Tourette scouting in Kasso.
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Rene Caille, Relation of a travel to Timbuktu and Jenne (1830)
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1842-1854
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Anne Raffenel, Navy chief commander, with Janin et Potin-Patterson (trader) carries out
2 expeditions in Kaarta (1842-1843 et 1842- 1847).
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Anne Raffenel, Travel in Western Africa, including exploration of Senegal (1856)
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1854-1881
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1854-1861 : Faidherbe, appointed as governor of Senegal then, governor of High- Senegal in 1863 to 1865.
1857 : Faidherbe unloaded at Medine, flies on help to Paul Holle, Chief commander of Medine's stronghold,
besieged : liberation of Medine.
German explorer Heinrich Barth in Timbuktu in September 1863.
1864-1866 : mission of lieutenant Mage and doctor Quintin (ordered by Faidherbe) towards Amadou in
Segou.
1878-1879 : mission of Paul Soleillet. He arrives at Segou in 1878 then comes back to Bakel (1879).
1879-1880 : scouting missions by Zweifel, Moustier, lieutenants Pietri, Jacquemart, Monteil, Marchi and
Jovin.
1880 : Austrian explorer Oskar Lenz at Timbuktu and Nioro.
1879-1881: mission of Gallieni in Mali : beginning of French colonial conquest.
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Barth H., Travels and Discoveries in Septentrional and Central Africa during years 1849
to 1855 (1855)
Mage E., From Senegal to Niger. Relation of the scouting travel of MM. Mage and Quintin
in West Sudan from 1863 to 1866 (1868)
Morifignang Diabate, composes Keme BouremaThis song tells
about Fabou (Faboli) Daboloba Toure, so-called Keme Birama who was the younger brother of Samory Toure... Read more.
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1881- 1898
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1883 : Borgnis-Desbordes, Chief Commander of the High-River, takes Bamako, after his arrival 3 years
ago.
1883-1888 : Colonel Boileve, Chief Commander of the High-River then Combes, (1884-1885), then colonel Frey
(1885-1886), and Gallieni (1886-1888).
1887 : military mission of Davoust, navy lieutenant (Froger howitzer).
1887 : scouting mission of Caron, navy lieutenant.
1887-1889 : Binger, French explorer, visits Bamako, Sikasso, Kong, Bobo-Dioulasso and Mossi areas.
1890 : peaceful and humanitary missions of Deves-Chaumet and doctor Crozat.
1888-1895 : Archinard, Chief Commander of the French Sudan. Stormings of Segou, Koniakari (1890) and
Bissandougou (1891); «pacification» of Toucouleur Empire of El Hadj Omar.
1891 : military missions of Jaime, then captain Quinquandon with Crozat and lieutenant Marchand. Marchand
stays at Sikasso bargaining a treaty with Tieba.
1891 : mission of Monteil towards Say.
1892-1894 : military expeditions of Bonnier against SamoryThe story of Samory is told by the epic song Keme Bourema. That song tells about Fabou (Faboli) Daboloba Toure, so-called Keme Birama who was the younger brother of Samory
Toure... Read more..
1895-1899 : Colonel de Trentinian, governor of the French Sudan.
1896 : scouting mission of Hourst, vessel lieutenant : exact drawing of Niger river's map.
1897: military mission of lieutenant Wirth.
1898 : Storming of Sikasso by colonel Audeoud (May). Capture of Samory's camp at Guemou and his arrestation
(September).
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Gallieni, A Journey to French Sudan (High-Niger and Segou area), 1879-1885
(1885) - Two campaigns in Sudan, 1886-1888 (1891)
Soleillet P., Journey to Segou (1887)
Bechet E., Five years in French Sudan (1889)
Colonel Frey, West Coast of Africa (1890)
Peroz, In Sudan, war and missions memories (1889) - In
Niger. Stories of campaign - 1891-1892 (1895)
Binger L.G., From Niger river to Guinea Gulf (1891)
Quinquandon F. History of the Manding warcraft and tradition. The Traore in
Kenedougou... (1892)
Jaime, From Koulikoro toTimbuktu with howitzer le Mage (1894)
Tellier G., Nearby Kita. A Sudanese study (1898)
Bah Djaly, jèlía jèlí (plural, jèlílu) is a bard, loremaster, and praise-singer in the Manding areas whose functions are
story-telling, speaking about lineages, singing and playing music as he want and hear it... Read more. of the king Abdou N'DiayeThis song
is dedicated to Abdou Ndiaye (1850 ? -1925). Abdou Ndiaye was a Muslim trader, a trader quickly especially in the slave trade, initially installed at Bougouli in the Middle Casamance... Read
more composes an epic eponymous song in glory of his djatiguia (d)jatigui is a patron or a family ; in honor
of him (them), in exchange for benefits and a certain material comforts, the griot should use to sing, at will, his praise and eulogy of his clan... Read more..
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